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Fast web fuzzer written in Go
Web path scanner
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Find domains and subdomains related to a given domain
Nuclei is a fast, customizable vulnerability scanner powered by the global security community and built on a simple YAML-based DSL, enabling collaboration to tackle trending vulnerabilities on the internet. It helps you find vulnerabilities in your applications, APIs, networks, DNS, and cloud configurations.
A Tool for Domain Flyovers
Quick Overview
Gobuster is a versatile directory/file, DNS, and VHost busting tool written in Go. It's designed to help security professionals and penetration testers enumerate web servers and DNS domains by brute-forcing names and directories. Gobuster is known for its speed and efficiency in performing these tasks.
Pros
- Fast and efficient due to its implementation in Go
- Supports multiple modes: directory/file busting, DNS subdomain enumeration, and virtual host discovery
- Highly customizable with numerous command-line options
- Active development and community support
Cons
- Can be noisy and potentially trigger intrusion detection systems
- Requires wordlists for effective use, which may need to be curated or obtained separately
- May produce false positives in some scenarios
- Limited built-in reporting features compared to some alternatives
Getting Started
To get started with Gobuster, follow these steps:
-
Install Gobuster:
go install github.com/OJ/gobuster/v3@latest -
Basic directory busting:
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w /path/to/wordlist.txt -
DNS subdomain enumeration:
gobuster dns -d example.com -w /path/to/subdomains.txt -
Virtual host discovery:
gobuster vhost -u https://example.com -w /path/to/vhosts.txt
For more advanced usage and options, refer to the official documentation on the GitHub repository.
Competitor Comparisons
Fast web fuzzer written in Go
Pros of ffuf
- Written in Go, offering better performance and concurrency
- More flexible input options, including multiple wordlists and custom iterators
- Extensive filtering capabilities for fine-tuning results
Cons of ffuf
- Steeper learning curve due to more complex configuration options
- Less intuitive command-line interface compared to Gobuster
Code Comparison
ffuf:
matcher := filter.NewMatcher(options.Matchers, options.MatcherMode)
filter := filter.NewFilter(options.Filters, options.FilterMode)
Gobuster:
wordlist, err := gobusterdir.NewWordlist(options.Wordlist, options.WLDirect)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create wordlist: %w", err)
}
Both tools are written in Go and utilize similar concepts for handling wordlists and filtering. However, ffuf's code structure allows for more advanced filtering and matching capabilities, while Gobuster's approach is more straightforward and easier to understand for beginners.
Web path scanner
Pros of dirsearch
- Written in Python, making it more accessible for scripting and modifications
- Supports multiple wordlists and extensions simultaneously
- Includes a recursive scanning feature out-of-the-box
Cons of dirsearch
- Generally slower performance compared to Gobuster
- Less optimized for handling large-scale scans efficiently
Code Comparison
dirsearch:
def recursive_scan(self, base_path):
for item in self.dictionary:
new_path = base_path + "/" + item
self.scan(new_path)
Gobuster:
func (g *Gobuster) worker(ctx context.Context, wordChan <-chan string, resultChan chan<- Result) {
for {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return
case word := <-wordChan:
g.processWord(ctx, word, resultChan)
}
}
}
The code snippets showcase the different approaches to scanning. dirsearch uses a recursive function for directory traversal, while Gobuster employs a worker-based concurrent model for improved performance.
Both tools are effective for directory and file brute-forcing, with dirsearch offering more built-in features and flexibility, while Gobuster excels in speed and efficiency for larger scans.
httpx is a fast and multi-purpose HTTP toolkit that allows running multiple probes using the retryablehttp library.
Pros of httpx
- Faster and more efficient for large-scale scanning due to its concurrent design
- Provides more detailed output, including HTTP response headers and status codes
- Supports multiple input formats (e.g., STDIN, file) and output formats (e.g., JSON, CSV)
Cons of httpx
- Less focused on directory and file enumeration compared to gobuster
- May require more system resources due to its concurrent nature
- Steeper learning curve for users familiar with simpler tools like gobuster
Code Comparison
httpx:
probes, err := httpx.New(&httpx.Options{
Methods: methods,
Retries: retries,
Threads: threads,
Timeout: timeout,
MaxRedirects: maxRedirects,
CustomHeaders: customHeaders,
FollowRedirects: followRedirects,
})
gobuster:
gobuster := libgobuster.NewGobuster(globalopts, opts)
if err := gobuster.Run(); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error on running gobuster: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
Both tools are written in Go and offer command-line interfaces for web enumeration tasks. httpx focuses on HTTP probing and analysis, while gobuster specializes in directory and file brute-forcing. httpx provides more flexibility and detailed output, making it suitable for complex scanning scenarios. gobuster, on the other hand, offers a simpler approach for targeted enumeration tasks.
Find domains and subdomains related to a given domain
Pros of assetfinder
- Specifically designed for discovering subdomains and related assets
- Lightweight and fast, with minimal dependencies
- Supports multiple data sources for comprehensive asset discovery
Cons of assetfinder
- Limited to subdomain discovery, lacking directory/file enumeration capabilities
- May require additional tools for a complete reconnaissance workflow
- Less actively maintained compared to gobuster
Code Comparison
assetfinder:
func main() {
domain := flag.String("domain", "", "The domain to find assets for")
flag.Parse()
for result := range assetfinder.Run(*domain) {
fmt.Println(result)
}
}
gobuster:
func main() {
globalopts := parseGlobalOptions()
plugin := parsePlugin(globalopts)
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
defer cancel()
plugin.Run(ctx, globalopts)
}
The code snippets show that assetfinder is more focused on subdomain discovery, while gobuster offers a plugin-based architecture for various enumeration tasks. gobuster's design allows for greater flexibility in performing different types of scans, whereas assetfinder is specialized for asset discovery.
Both tools are valuable for reconnaissance, with assetfinder excelling in subdomain enumeration and gobuster providing a more versatile platform for various enumeration tasks. The choice between them depends on the specific requirements of the security assessment or penetration testing engagement.
Nuclei is a fast, customizable vulnerability scanner powered by the global security community and built on a simple YAML-based DSL, enabling collaboration to tackle trending vulnerabilities on the internet. It helps you find vulnerabilities in your applications, APIs, networks, DNS, and cloud configurations.
Pros of Nuclei
- More versatile and flexible, supporting a wide range of security checks and protocols
- Extensive template system allows for easy customization and community contributions
- Built-in support for various output formats and integrations
Cons of Nuclei
- Steeper learning curve due to its more complex template system
- May be overkill for simple directory or file enumeration tasks
- Potentially slower for basic scanning compared to Gobuster's focused approach
Code Comparison
Gobuster (basic directory scanning):
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt
Nuclei (basic vulnerability scanning):
id: example-vuln
info:
name: Example Vulnerability Check
severity: medium
requests:
- method: GET
path:
- "{{BaseURL}}/vulnerable-endpoint"
matchers:
- type: word
words:
- "vulnerable response"
Gobuster is more straightforward for simple directory enumeration, while Nuclei offers a powerful template-based approach for comprehensive vulnerability scanning. Gobuster excels in speed and simplicity for specific tasks, whereas Nuclei provides greater flexibility and extensibility for a wide range of security checks.
A Tool for Domain Flyovers
Pros of Aquatone
- Provides visual reconnaissance with screenshot capabilities
- Offers more comprehensive domain enumeration features
- Includes built-in reporting functionality for easier analysis
Cons of Aquatone
- Generally slower execution compared to Gobuster
- More complex setup and dependencies
- Less focused on pure directory and file brute-forcing
Code Comparison
Aquatone (Ruby):
def run_takeover_detection
@hosts.each do |host|
@takeover_detectors.each do |detector|
if detector.match?(host)
output("Potential subdomain takeover detected on #{host}")
end
end
end
end
Gobuster (Go):
func (e *Extender) Extend(g *Gobuster) error {
g.Opts.Expanded = true
g.Opts.NoStatus = false
g.Opts.Quiet = false
return nil
}
While both tools are used for web enumeration, they serve different purposes. Gobuster focuses on efficient directory and file brute-forcing, while Aquatone offers a broader range of features for domain enumeration and visual reconnaissance. Gobuster is generally faster and more straightforward, while Aquatone provides more comprehensive analysis capabilities at the cost of speed and simplicity.
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Gobuster
ð» Introduction
A fast and flexible brute-forcing tool written in Go
Gobuster is a high-performance directory/file, DNS and virtual host brute-forcing tool written in Go. It's designed to be fast, reliable, and easy to use for security professionals and penetration testers.
⨠Features
- ð High Performance: Multi-threaded scanning with configurable concurrency
- ð Multiple Modes: Directory, DNS, virtual host, S3, GCS, TFTP, and fuzzing modes
- ð¡ï¸ Security Focused: Built for penetration testing and security assessments
- ð³ Docker Support: Available as a Docker container
- ð§ Extensible: Pattern-based scanning and custom wordlists
ð¯ What Can Gobuster Do?
- Web Directory/File Enumeration: Discover hidden directories and files on web servers
- DNS Subdomain Discovery: Find subdomains with wildcard support
- Virtual Host Detection: Identify virtual hosts on target web servers
- Cloud Storage Enumeration: Discover open Amazon S3 and Google Cloud Storage buckets
- TFTP File Discovery: Find files on TFTP servers
- Custom Fuzzing: Flexible fuzzing with customizable parameters
ð Quick Start
# Install gobuster
go install github.com/OJ/gobuster/v3@latest
# Basic directory enumeration
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w /path/to/wordlist.txt
# DNS subdomain enumeration
gobuster dns -do example.com -w /path/to/wordlist.txt
# Virtual host discovery
gobuster vhost -u https://example.com -w /path/to/wordlist.txt
# S3 bucket enumeration
gobuster s3 -w /path/to/bucket-names.txt
ð¦ Installation
Quick Install (Recommended)
go install github.com/OJ/gobuster/v3@latest
Requirements: Go 1.24 or higher
Alternative Installation Methods
Using Binary Releases
Download pre-compiled binaries from the releases page.
Using Docker
# Pull the latest image
docker pull ghcr.io/oj/gobuster:latest
# Run gobuster in Docker
docker run --rm -it ghcr.io/oj/gobuster:latest dir -u https://example.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt
Building from Source
git clone https://github.com/OJ/gobuster.git
cd gobuster
go mod tidy
go build
Troubleshooting Installation
If you encounter issues:
- Ensure Go version 1.24+ is installed:
go version - Check your
$GOPATHand$GOBINenvironment variables - Verify
$GOPATH/binis in your$PATH
ð¯ Usage
Gobuster uses a mode-based approach. Each mode is designed for specific enumeration tasks:
gobuster [mode] [options]
Getting Help
gobuster help # Show general help
gobuster help [mode] # Show help for specific mode
gobuster [mode] --help # Alternative help syntax
ð Available Modes
ð Directory Mode (dir)
Enumerate directories and files on web servers.
Basic Usage:
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt
Advanced Options:
# With file extensions
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt -x php,html,js,txt
# With custom headers and cookies
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt -H "Authorization: Bearer token" -c "session=value"
# Show response length
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt -l
# Filter by status codes
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt -s 200,301,302
ð DNS Mode (dns)
Discover subdomains through DNS resolution.
Basic Usage:
gobuster dns -do example.com -w wordlist.txt
Advanced Options:
# Use custom DNS server
gobuster dns -do example.com -w wordlist.txt -r 8.8.8.8:53
# Increase threads for faster scanning
gobuster dns -do example.com -w wordlist.txt -t 50
ð Virtual Host Mode (vhost)
Discover virtual hosts on web servers.
Basic Usage:
gobuster vhost -u https://example.com --append-domain -w wordlist.txt
âï¸ S3 Mode (s3)
Enumerate Amazon S3 buckets.
Basic Usage:
gobuster s3 -w bucket-names.txt
With Debug Output:
gobuster s3 -w bucket-names.txt --debug
ð¥ï¸ TFTP Mode (tftp)
Enumerate files on tftp servers.
Basic Usage:
gobuster tftp -s 10.0.0.1 -w wordlist.txt
âï¸ GCS Mode (gcs)
Enumerate Google Cloud Storage Buckets.
Basic Usage:
gobuster gcs -w bucket-names.txt
With Debug Output:
gobuster gcs -w bucket-names.txt --debug
ð§ Fuzz Mode (fuzz)
Custom fuzzing with the FUZZ keyword.
Basic Usage:
gobuster fuzz -u https://example.com?FUZZ=test -w wordlist.txt
Advanced Examples:
# Fuzz URL parameters
gobuster fuzz -u https://example.com?param=FUZZ -w wordlist.txt
# Fuzz headers
gobuster fuzz -u https://example.com -H "X-Custom-Header: FUZZ" -w wordlist.txt
# Fuzz POST data
gobuster fuzz -u https://example.com -d "username=admin&password=FUZZ" -w passwords.txt
ð° Support
Love this tool? Back it!
If you're backing us already, you rock. If you're not, that's cool too! Want to back us? Become a backer!
All funds that are donated to this project will be donated to charity. A full log of charity donations will be available in this repository as they are processed.
ð¡ Common Use Cases
Web Application Security Testing
# Comprehensive directory enumeration
gobuster dir -u https://target.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x php,html,js,txt,asp,aspx,jsp
# API endpoint discovery
gobuster dir -u https://api.target.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -x json
# Admin panel discovery
gobuster dir -u https://target.com -w admin-panels.txt -s 200,301,302,403
DNS Reconnaissance
# Comprehensive subdomain enumeration
gobuster dns -do target.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/dnsrecon/subdomains-top1mil-5000.txt -t 50
Cloud Storage Assessment
# S3 bucket enumeration with patterns
gobuster s3 -w company-names.txt -v
# GCS bucket enumeration
gobuster gcs -w company-names.txt -v
ð§ Troubleshooting
Common Issues
"Permission Denied" or "Access Denied"
- Try reducing thread count with
-tflag - Add delays between requests with
--delay - Use different user agent with
-aflag
"Connection Timeout"
- Increase timeout with
--timeoutflag - Reduce thread count for slower targets
- Check your internet connection
"No Results Found"
- Verify the target URL is accessible
- Try different wordlists
- Check status code filtering with
-sflag
Performance Issues
Slow Scanning
- Increase thread count with
-tflag (but be careful not to overwhelm the target) - Use smaller, more targeted wordlists
ð¯ Best Practices
Security Testing Guidelines
- Always get proper authorization before testing any target
- Start with low thread counts to avoid overwhelming servers
- Use appropriate wordlists for the target technology
- Respect rate limits and implement delays if needed
- Monitor your network traffic to avoid detection
Wordlist Selection
- For web applications: Use technology-specific wordlists (PHP, ASP.NET, etc.)
- For APIs: Focus on common API endpoints and versioning patterns
- For DNS: Use subdomain-specific wordlists with common patterns
- For cloud storage: Use company/brand-specific patterns
Output Management
# Save results to file
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt -o results.txt
# Use quiet mode for clean output
gobuster dir -u https://example.com -w wordlist.txt -q
ð Additional Resources
Recommended Wordlists
- SecLists: https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists
- FuzzDB: https://github.com/fuzzdb-project/fuzzdb
- Seclists DNS: https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Discovery/DNS
Happy hacking! ð
Remember: Always test responsibly and with proper authorization.
Changes
3.8.2
3.8.2
- Fix expanded mode to show the full url again
3.8.1
3.8.1
- Fix expanded mode showing the entries twice
3.8
3.8
- Add exclude-hostname-length flag to dynamically adjust exclude-length by @0xyy66
- Fix Fuzzing query parameters
- Add
--forceflag indirmode to continue execution if precheck errors occur
3.7
3.7
- use new cli library
- a lot more short options due to the new cli library
- more user friendly error messages
- clean up DNS mode
- renamed
show-cnametocheck-cnamein dns mode - got rid of
verboseflag and introduceddebuginstead - the version command now also shows some build variables for more info
- switched to another pkcs12 library to support p12s generated with openssl3 that use SHA256 HMAC
- comments in wordlists (strings starting with #) are no longer ignored
- warn in vhost mode if the --append-domain switch might have been forgotten
- allow to exclude status code and length in vhost mode
- added automaxprocs for use in docker with cpu limits
- log http requests with debug enabled
- allow fuzzing of Host header in fuzz mode
- automatically disable progress output when output is redirected
- fix extra special characters when run with
--no-progress - warn when using vhost mode with a proxy and http based urls as this might not work as expected
- add
interfaceandlocal-ipparameters to specify the outgoing interface for http requests - add support for tls renegotiation
- fix progress with patterns by @acammack
- fix backup discovery by @acammack
- support tcp protocol on dns servers
- add support for URL query parameters
3.6
3.6
- Wordlist offset parameter to skip x lines from the wordlist
- prevent double slashes when building up an url in dir mode
- allow for multiple values and ranges on
--exclude-length no-fqdnparameter on dns bruteforce to disable the use of the systems search domains. This should speed up the run if you have configured some search domains. https://github.com/OJ/gobuster/pull/418
3.5
3.5
- Allow Ranges in status code and status code blacklist. Example: 200,300-305,404
3.4
3.4
- Enable TLS1.0 and TLS1.1 support
- Add TFTP mode to search for files on tftp servers
3.3
3.3
- Support TLS client certificates / mtls
- support loading extensions from file
- support fuzzing POST body, HTTP headers and basic auth
- new option to not canonicalize header names
3.2
3.2
- Use go 1.19
- use contexts in the correct way
- get rid of the wildcard flag (except in DNS mode)
- color output
- retry on timeout
- google cloud bucket enumeration
- fix nil reference errors
3.1
3.1
- enumerate public AWS S3 buckets
- fuzzing mode
- specify HTTP method
- added support for patterns. You can now specify a file containing patterns that are applied to every word, one by line. Every occurrence of the term
{GOBUSTER}in it will be replaced with the current wordlist item. Please use with caution as this can cause increase the number of requests issued a lot. - The shorthand
pflag which was assigned to proxy is now used by the pattern flag
3.0
3.0
- New CLI options so modes are strictly separated (
-mis now gone!) - Performance Optimizations and better connection handling
- Ability to enumerate vhost names
- Option to supply custom HTTP headers
Top Related Projects
Fast web fuzzer written in Go
Web path scanner
httpx is a fast and multi-purpose HTTP toolkit that allows running multiple probes using the retryablehttp library.
Find domains and subdomains related to a given domain
Nuclei is a fast, customizable vulnerability scanner powered by the global security community and built on a simple YAML-based DSL, enabling collaboration to tackle trending vulnerabilities on the internet. It helps you find vulnerabilities in your applications, APIs, networks, DNS, and cloud configurations.
A Tool for Domain Flyovers
Convert
designs to code with AI
Introducing Visual Copilot: A new AI model to turn Figma designs to high quality code using your components.
Try Visual Copilot